Wednesday, June 23, 2010

Tao Te Ching, Chapter 5

Heaven and Earth are impartial
They regard myriad things as straw dogs
The sages are impartial
They regard people as straw dogs

The space between Heaven and Earth
Is it not like a bellows?
Empty, and yet never exhausted
It moves, and produces more

Too many words hasten failure
Cannot compare to keeping quiet

Tao Te Ching, ch 5, translated by Derek Lin

The sage in the Dao De Jing represents an individual who has obtained ziran. If we look at the first paragraph of the above chapter, we see how the sage uses nature as a model. Heaven and Earth are not motivated by moral judgement - they are, in the words of Fredrich Nietzsche, "beyond good and evil". Thus the sage keeps themselves free from the influence of moral judgement.

Many people would view this kind of individual as detached, cold, or uncaring. This is a huge misconception. Due to their impartial treatment of people, they don't limit their care to the ones who fall under the "good" category - rather they have created a world that they can completely love.

Now let's focus on the rest of this chapter.

Empty, and yet never exhausted
It moves, and produces more


An empty mind is an open one - it can never be exhausted as long as you remain impartial to what you know through cognition. Life emerges not from thought but from actions. The more one leads their life, the more that is produced.

Now, I don't believe a complete impartial view can ever be fully applied. Our decisions naturally start with emotion and end with emotion. Let me quickly explain. In any situation our limbic system responds before our neocortex. The limbic system is responsible for producing an emotional response. Through cognition(function found in the neocortex) we can use logic to override our emotions, allowing us to choose our conscious actions. Even if we override our initial feelings, we still apply the emotion of "good" to our decided action in the end.

Saying all this, I don't think the goal is to be void of emotion. I believe the practical approach here is to moderate emotion. Afterall, feeling the full range of emotions, whether positive or negative, is natural. It is when we become fixated in a feeling state we close our mind - our views can become partial. When we act fully on emotion without any consideration we become careless.

Too many words hasten failure
Cannot compare to keeping quiet

Book and verbal learning obtains the most elementary form of knowledge in my opinion - the highest form being derived from experience. Too much attachment to knowledge and thoughts impedes your ability to be effective and efficient in your actions. I'm not saying that one should disregard book and verbal learning, nor do I think the Dao De Jing promotes such a thing. Rather, I think one should be cautious not let the pursuit for learning to get in the way of living. Too much talking is never as good as walking, metaphorically speaking. We should take Zhuangzi's words into consideration:

Your life has a limit but knowledge has none. If you use what is limited to pursue what has no limit, you will be in danger.

Zhuangzi, Section 3, translated by Burton Watson


I'll stop here for now.

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